Background: Foot fractures are relatively common among trauma patients, and further research is needed to identify prevalent fracture Patterns. This study aimed to explore common foot fracture Patterns. Methods: This cross-sectional study included patients admitted to a trauma center between 2018 and 2020. All patients with acute foot injuries were identified using the hospital information system (HIS). Data such as age, sex, trauma mechanism, mobile injuries, hospitalization status, and whether the injury was open or closed were extracted from patient records. Radiographies were reviewed to evaluate the location of fractures or dislocations and their anatomical classification. Results: A total of 558 patients with an average age of 35. 70 ± 16. 55 years were studied, of whom 489 (67%) were men. The most common mechanism of trauma was motor vehicle accidents (240/558, 43. 1%). The forefoot was the most frequently affected area (48. 7%). Among the different bones, the calcaneus had the highest fracture incidence (233/558, 41. 8%). There were 63 patients with dislocations, with Lisfranc dislocation being the most common (32/558, 50. 8%). Calcaneus fractures were significantly more common in men than in women (P = 0. 008), while fractures of the second (P = 0. 010) and fifth (P = 0. 011) metatarsals were significantly more common in women. Conclusion: Calcaneus fractures were most common, especially in men, while women had more metatarsal fractures. Motor vehicle accidents were the primary cause of trauma. The mechanism of injury plays a crucial role.

ABSTRACT Despite a wide range of components and criteria affecting travel behavior presented through empirical research, the results of these studies are inconclusive, which could be due to the difference between these components and criteria in the study areas. Therefore, this research presented a method to determine which factors in different physical developments affect travel behavior due to the differences in various physical developments. The required information was collected through 271 questionnaires at the level of three neighborhoods of Monirieh, Koye Bimeh, and Koye Golestan in Tehran, Iran, as the old, conventional, and new neighborhoods, respectively. ANOVA test was exerted to analyze the significant difference between different development Patterns in three neighborhoods. Dunnett's T3 was applied to determine which neighborhood caused the difference between groups. Also, the factors affecting travel behavior were obtained based on exploratory factor analysis indicators. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test and regression analysis, it was discovered that factors such as car ownership, dependence and pro-liking for private cars, density and access to educational centers and parks, access to medical and service centers, and variety and density of retail stores had been introduced as the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development Patterns. However, proximity to the public transportation station, accessibility preferences in choosing a residence, dependence, and pro-liking for other than a private car, having a license, number of children under five years old, and age have influenced travel behavior regardless of the variation between neighborhoods. Extended Abstract Introduction Finding factors affecting travel behavior has been one of the main concerns of transportation planners. However, in the last two decades, the importance of the influence of the features of the built environment, including land use, along with demographic-economic characteristics, travel behavior, and attitudes of people, has been raised by urban planners. Studies seek to find factors affecting travel behavior, especially land use characteristics. Despite presenting a wide range of components and criteria affecting travel behavior, the results of the studies are inconclusive, which could be due to the difference between these components and criteria in the study areas. Therefore, this research presented a method to determine which factors in different physical developments affect travel behavior due to the differences in various physical developments. In order to do this, it must first be determined whether the study areas/different development Patterns have a significant difference in terms of travel behavior or not. In case of a positive answer to the previous question, the following question is which study areas caused this difference. The next question arises: -Which physical and non-physical characteristics affect travel behavior due to distinctions between different development Patterns?   Methodology The present research method is analytical and experimental based on quantitative methods. This research chose the frequency of travel by private car, public transportation, and walking as the travel behavior. According to the research's purpose, indicators and criteria affecting travel behavior were extracted after reviewing the theoretical and experimental literature. Then, the required information was collected through 271 questionnaires at the level of three neighborhoods of Monirieh, Koye Bimeh, and Koye Golestan as the old, conventional, and new neighborhoods, respectively. The questionnaire was compiled as a Likert scale in five parts of travel information, demographic-economic characteristics, perceptual characteristics of land use, travel habits, and access preferences of people in choosing their residence. ANOVA test was used to analyze the significant difference between different groups of a characteristic (here, different development Patterns or the three case studies). Dunnett T3 was exerted to determine which neighborhood caused the difference between groups. Also, the factors affecting travel behavior were obtained based on exploratory factor analysis indicators. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test and regression analysis, it was discovered which factors affecting travel behavior were due to the differences in study areas and which factors affect travel behavior regardless of development Patterns.   Results and discussion This research aims to identify the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development Patterns. In this regard, the findings in line with the first research question show that the frequency of three modes of travel, by private car, transportation, and pedestrian, differ significantly in the three neighborhoods. Furthermore, ANOVA test results depict that there is a significant difference between these three neighborhoods in terms of factors affecting travel behavior, such as perceptually environmental characteristics of the neighborhood, dependence and pro-liking for personal cars, variety and density of retail stores, density and access to educational units and parks, access to medical and service centers, and car ownership. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test with the regression analysis assessing the relationship between physical and non-physical factors (the same indicators in the same study areas) with travel behavior, the factors affecting travel behavior owing to different development Patterns were identified. Factors such as car ownership, dependence and pro-liking for private cars, density and access to educational units and parks, access to medical and service centers, and variety and density of retail stores have been introduced as the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development Patterns. However, proximity to the public transportation station, accessibility preferences in choosing a place of residence, dependence, and pro-liking for other than a private car, having a certificate, number of children under five years old, and age have influenced on travel behavior regardless of the variation between neighborhoods (different physical development Patterns).   Conclusion In In order to discover the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in Patterns of physical development, this research has provided a more detailed analysis of the factors affecting travel behavior. It has achieved more accurate components than previous studies in this regard. Detailed analysis of studies related to travel behavior and finding the main components affecting it, considering the extent of variables and data, can pave the way for professionals in transportation planning and urban planning, in addition to providing detailed methods and criteria in the related literature.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

analyzing more than 9, 400 investment transactions performed by 32 sovereign wealth funds (SWFs), from 23 countries, and targeted towards 77 countries, between 2010 and 2013, this study highlights some of the most important visible Patterns and nuances in SWF investments. First, lion’ s share of SWF investments are cross-border transactions that originated from and targeted towards high-income economies, while SWFs from emerging economies (mainly China) are also becoming important players in the global capital markets. Second, the most popular sectors are the financial and the real estate sectors mainly because of their more liquid nature and the energy sector for its strategic importance. Finally, domestic investments are relatively more popular among non-commodity based SWFs in comparison to commodity based SWFs. The results also show that while infrastructure investments are in line with the time horizon of SWF investments and their objectives, only five percent of SWF investments were targeted toward the infrastructure sector.

Background: Adolescence may be accompanied by abnormalities in menstrual cycles that result in a higher incidence of sleep problems and related psychological disorders. Dietary factors can intensify or improve sleep problems. This study aimed to evaluate the association between sleep problems and habitual dietary Patterns among Iranian adolescent girls. Methods: This study was conducted in cities of Mashhad and Sabzevar, northeastern Iran. A total of 752 adolescent girls aged 12-18 years were recruited from several schools by using a random cluster sampling method. A valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to obtain the dietary intakes of the girls. Validated Iranian versions of the questionnaires were used to assess insomnia and daytime sleepiness prevalences. Results: Three major dietary Patterns were identified based on the principal component analysis (PCA), including healthy, western, and traditional dietary Patterns. No significant associations were found between the quartiles of healthy (OR: 1,95% CI 0. 62-1. 59, P trend = 0. 75), western (OR: 1. 3,95% CI 0. 8-2. 10, Ptrend = 0. 16) or traditional (OR: 0. 62,95% CI 0. 69-1. 82, Ptrend = 0. 64) dietary Patterns and sleep insomnia. In addition, there were no significant relationships between the quartiles of healthy (OR: 0. 85,95% CI 0. 54-1. 69, P trend = 0. 84), western (OR: 0. 81,95% CI 0. 49-1. 32, Ptrend = 0. 55) or traditional (OR: 1. 07,95% CI 0. 66-1. 74, Ptrend = 0. 9) dietary Patterns and daytime sleepiness. Conclusions: No significant association was observed between dietary Patterns and insomnia or daytime sleepiness among adolescent girl participants.

Background: Endocrine disorders in infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) represent a significant clinical concern. Understanding the frequency and variety of these disorders is crucial for effective patient management. Objectives: This single-center retrospective study was conducted to examine the frequency and Patterns of endocrine disorders among neonates in the NICU. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of 1 845 patient records over five years from the NICU at Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Health Practice and Research Hospital. The study included patients admitted between January 1, 2016, and March 31, 2021, who were diagnosed with endocrine disorders according to the international classification of diseases (ICD). Diagnostic criteria were used to identify and categorize endocrine disorders, primarily focusing on hypoglycemia, congenital hypothyroidism, hypothyroxinemia of prematurity, neonatal hyperthyrotropinemia (HTT), and disorders of calcium and magnesium metabolism. Data analysis was conducted using Descriptive statistics. Results: Endocrine disorders were identified in 14.6% (CI: 13.15 - 16.38) of the neonates. The most prevalent were thyroid disorders (5.15%, CI: 4.23 - 6.25), disorders of calcium metabolism (3.68%, CI: 2.92 - 4.64), and disorders of glucose homeostasis (3.63%, CI: 2.87 - 4.58). Notably, neonatal HTT was more frequent than previously reported. The majority of endocrine issues occurred in premature infants. Hypoglycemia was the most frequent glucose homeostasis disorder, affecting 24.7% (CI: 19.9 - 30.2) of those diagnosed with endocrine issues. Among the cases with calcium metabolism disorders, hypocalcemia was predominant (79.4%, CI: 68.3 - 87.3), with the majority (89%, CI: 80.1 - 95.9) being classified as early neonatal hypocalcemia. Conclusions: Endocrine disorders, particularly those related to thyroid, calcium, and glucose homeostasis, remain prevalent issues in the NICU. Prematurity significantly contributes to these complications. The frequency and variety of endocrine disorders are likely to evolve with improvements in laboratory techniques and diagnostic methods. Future larger-scale studies could provide more comprehensive insights into these disorders.

Background and Objectives: The premenstrual syndrome (PMS) causes changes in women's emotions, behavior, and performance, each of which plays an important role in women's lives. The aim of the present study was to identify the Patterns of PMS in students. Materials and Methods: In a Descriptive study, 331 female students of Ilam universities in the year 2020 were assessed by an electronic questionnaire. Demographic variables, PMS symptoms, anxiety, and depression in students were assessed. Explanatory factor analysis was used to identify PMS Patterns. Spearman’ s correlation was used to determine the relationship between any PMS Patterns and other variables. Results: Explanatory factor analysis showed that the symptoms of PMS in students consist of three factors: emotional instability and apathy (mood, physical and behavioral symptoms), decreased social communication, sleep, and nutrition problems, which explain 62. 3% of PMS changes. Spearman’ s correlation coefficient between age, weight, sleep time, anxiety, and depression with three PMS factors, showed that there were significant relationships between age and the first factor (p=0. 044, rs=-0. 112), age and the second factor (p=0. 036, rs=0. 117), weight and the first factor (p=0. 014, rs=-0. 137), anxiety and the first factor (p<0. 001, rs=0. 563), anxiety and the third factor (p<0. 001, rs=0. 472), depression and the first factor (p<0. 001, rs=0. 575), depression and the third factor (p<0. 001, rs=0. 405). Conclusions: According to correlation coefficients of PMS factors with anxiety, depression, age, weight, and sleeping time, attention should be paid to these correlation coefficients in managements of PMS symptoms in each of these variables.

While Nizami’ s adroitness and expertise in detailed illustration and description have always been the focus of attention of the analysts of his works, so far there has been no due analysis of his artistic techniques and the various Patterns he has used in description and image-creating. Choosing Haft Peykar as one of the most prominent works of Nizami and using a Descriptive-analytical method, this study aims to answer the two fundamental questions of what aesthetic, rhetorical, narrative, etc. functions, Nizami’ s skillful illustrations and detailed descriptions in the text are and whether it is possible to determine cogent and verifiable Patterns in Nizami’ s descriptions and illustrations. As a result of this research, it became clear that Nizami made his work tangible and realistic for the audience by objectifying and reifying what was described. This objective entity itself has secondary functions that can be investigated in the areas of rhetoric, aesthetics, or narrative logic in the text of Haft Peykar. Most of the descriptions and illustrations of this work can be classified under specific Patterns.

Background and Objectives: One of the most common problems in the general population is somatization symptoms. Therefore, identifying the factors that play a role in causing these symptoms will be effective in preventing their occurrence. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between object relations Patterns and somatization symptoms mediated by alexithymia. Materials and Methods: The method of this research was Descriptive modeling. For this purpose, 295 people living in Semnan in the age range of 18 to 60 years were selected by convenience sampling method and answered the questionnaires of Bell Object Relations, somatization symptoms (PHQ-15), and Toronto Alexithymia with an internet survey in February and March 2021. Data were analyzed by Pearson’, s correlation test and structural equation modeling. Results: The results showed that this model has a good fitness, and there was a significant positive relationship (p<0. 05) between object relations Patterns and somatization symptoms (T= 3. 601, β, = 0. 538) and alexithymia (T=11. 756, β, = 0. 800), but no significant relationship was observed between somatization symptoms and alexithymia (T=0. 816, β, =0. 110) and as a result, the mediating role of alexithymia in data analysis was not significant (p>0. 05). Conclusion: These findings show that by identifying the object relations Patterns in individuals, it is possible to predict the likelihood of developing somatization symptoms and alexithymia to some extent. Therefore, it is recommended that clinical therapists need to consider the object relations Patterns of the individuals with somatization symptoms in communicating with them.

This paper has proposed the theory of Descriptive revelation. Various divisions of revelation have been offered firstly and secondly, Qoranic revelation and Descriptive revelation have been distinguished. Then some speeches of Shiite and Sunni great commentators have been quoted and the evidences for the proposed theory stated. Finally it has been justified that what has come in Qoran is Quranic revelation and what has transmitted in traditions Descriptive revelation. Furthermore, some conclusions of the view have been referred to and some questions in the field solved.